TIME CHART OF LATIN AMERICA

Regional events	Popular and national movements	Far left
16th century – Spanish and Portuguese conquest of Latin America
1823 – Monroe Doctrine: US opposes European intervention in Latin America	1816-24 – Latin American countries win independence
1845-48 – US conquers half of Mexico 1856 – Private US army under William Walker invades Nicaragua	1857-67 – Liberals under Benito Juarez establish constitution and resist British-French intervention
1889 – Following abolition of slavery in Brazil, US backs coup to establish republic 1898 – US conquers Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines from Spain	1868-78 and 1895-98 – Cuban revolt against Spanish rule
1903 – US backs Panamanian 'independence' from Colombia to secure Panama Canal under its control 1904 – Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine: US asserts right to intervene in Latin America
	1910-17 – Mexican Revolution
1933 – Franklin Roosevelt proclaims Latin American 'Good Neighbour Policy' 1934 – US backs coup establishing Batista dictatorship in Cuba 1934 – US-backed National Guard commander Somoza kills Nicaraguan Liberal rebel leader Augusto Sandino	1932 – Short-lived Chilean Socialist Republic 1938 – Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas nationalizes (largely US-owned) oil	1928 – Pioneering Peruvian Communist José Mariateguí publishes his Seven Essays on the Peruvian Reality 1938 – Mexican President Cárdenas grants Trotsky asylum in Mexico
1941-45 – US in Second World War		1941-45 – Latin American CPs back pro-Allied regimes (e.g. Batista in Cuba)
1953 – CIA backs coup overhrowing Guatemalan reformist regime	1946-55 – Juan Perón president of Argentina
1961 – John F. Kennedy proclaims 'Alliance for Progress' 1961 – US begins embargo and backs failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba 1962 – Cuban missile crisis	1960–64 – Reformist Quadros/Goulart governments in Brazil	1956-59 – July 26th movement leads Cuban revolution
1964 – Brazilian military establishes dictatorship	1964-70 – Christian Democratic Eduardo Frei government in Chile	1963 – Ernest Mandel takes part in Cuban economic debates 1967 – FSLN founded in Nicaragua 1967 – Che killed in Bolivia 1968 – Cuban sugar harvest fails; Castro endorses Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia
1973 – US-backed coup establishes Pinochet dictatorship 1976-82 – Argentine dictatorship and 'dirty war' 1977 – US agrees to turn Panama Canal gradually over to Panamian control	1970-73 – Popular Unity government under Salvador Allende in Chile	1971 – Founding Mexican PRT 1979 – Somoza overthrown; FSLN takes power in Nicaragua
1980 – Reagan elected US president 1982 – Argentina loses Falklands/Malvinas War; dictatorship falls 1983 – US invades Grenada		1980 – PT founded in Brazil 1981 – FMLN 'final offensive' fails in El Salvador 1985 – FSLN wins Nicraguan elections
1989 – US invades Panama 1989 – Pinochet loses Chilean referendum; gradual 'transition to democracy' begins	1988 – Cuauthémoc Cárdenas (son of Lázaro) wins Mexican election; protest movement against fraud	1989 – PT wins Porto Alegre elections 1990 – FSLN loses Nicaraguan elections 1990 – Castro declares 'special period in time of peace'
1994 – NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) takes effect	1992 – Hugo Chávez attempts coup in Venezuela	1992 – Crisis of Mexican PRT 1992 – Peace agreement in El Salvador 1994 – Zapatista uprising in Chiapas 1996 – Zapatista-organized Intergalactic Gathering for Humanity and Against Neoliberalism
2000 – Vicente Fox of PAN elected president of Mexico; end of PRI 'perfect dictatorship'	1998 – Chávez elected Venezuelan president and launches 'Bolivarian revolution' 1999 – Protests against WTO summit in Seattle 2001 – First World Social Forum in Porto Alegre	2001 – 'Argentinazo'
2003 – Failed coup in Venezuela 2003 – Arrests of Cuban dissidents provoke criticisms	2003 – Lula elected Brazilian president	2004 – Divisions in Brazilian FI section 2004 – Chávez wins Venezuelan referendum